





UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 


nti eee 
PRESIDENT’S OFFICE. 


UNIVERSITY BULLETIN 


SBRIES 5 APRIL, 1905 No. 4 


THE 
TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA 


INSTALLATION OF 
PRESIDENT EDWIN BOONE CRAIGHEAD 


MARCH 16, 1905 


New Orleans, Louisiana. 


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Louisiana State University, Dr. C. E. Coates; Missouri 
State Normal School, Dr. Laura L. Runyan and Prof. R. T. 
Kerlin ; Washington University, St. Louis, Prof. F. EK. Nipper ; 
College of Immaculate Conception (Jesuits), New Orleans, Rev. 
John McCreary; United States Military Academy, Gen. Francis 
T. Nicholls; Millsaps College, Jackson, Miss., President W. 
B. Murrah; Randolph-Macon College, Charles Carroll, New 
Orleans; Western Reserve University, Prof. R. W. Deering; 
University of Chicago, Dean George E. Vincent ; Trinity College, 
James P. Bowman, St. Francisville, La.; Washington and Lee 
University, President G. H. Denny; University of Tennessee, 
President Brown Ayres; Stevens Institute of Technology, Dr. 
Brown Ayres; Jefferson College, Convent, La., President R. H. 
Smith; Armour Institute of Technology, F. N. Smith; Boston 
University, Dr. F. H. Knight, President New Orleans University; 
Earlhem College, Richmond, Ind., A. W. Newlin of New Orleans 
Picayune; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, B. A. Oxnard, 
Adeline, La.; Oberlin College, Mrs. William Mayo Venable, 
New Orleans; Hamilton College, Hon. William W. Howe; St. 
Louis University, St. Louis, Mo., Prof. E. A. Otis, New Orleans ; 
Vanderbilt University, H. H. White; Yale University, E. L. 
Simonds, New Orleans; Loyola College, New Orleans, Father 
Biever ; University of Mississippi, Chancellor R. B. Fulton ; Cen- 
tenary College, Jackson, La., President C. C. Miller; Pensacola 
High School, C. A. Dykstra, Principal ; J. H. Ownings, Superin- 
tendent of Schools, Biloxi, Miss. 


SCENE IN THE THEATRE 


The picture of the flags and bunting decorated theatre, the 
array of professors in cap and gown, marked by the colored 
insignia of their academic rank, the Roman Catholic archbishop 
of New Orleans, in his wine-colored robe contrasting with his 
snowy hair, the bishop of the Episcopal diocese of Louisiana, and 


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other representatives of the church, including one of the principal 
speakers of the occasion, Dr. Warner, was a scene well propor- 
tioned in its serious and spectacular aspects. 

The theatre was particularly well decorated. The second 
and the first proscenium boxes were draped with olive and blue, 
on which were large blue T’s. Over the stage American flags 
and more of college colors were hung, and a shield with the 
name ‘‘ Tulane’’ caught these draperies together in the center. 

The assembling of the participants in the ceremony was 
very prompt. ‘They came in the following order : 

Chief marshal, S. Walter Stern. 

Department marshal, Miss Genevieve Jackson; students of 
the H. Sophie Newcomb College. 

Department marshal, John A. Griffith; students of the Medical 
Department. 

Department marshal, Henry P. Dart, Jr.; students of the 
Law Department. 

Department marshal, Frank Haas ; students of the Academic 
Colleges. 

Chief marshal and department marshals. 

President and executive committee of the Alumni Association. 

The faculties of the University, H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial 
College, the Medical Department, the Law Department, the 
Academic Colleges. 

The Board of Administrators of the University. 

The Governor of Louisiana. 

The Mayor of New Orleans. 

Representatives of colleges and universities. 

The Deans of the University. 

The President of the Board of Administrators. 

The speakers. 

The President of the University. 


ORDER OF EXERCISES 


When the parts of the procession had taken their places in 
the theatre by the appointed time, 1:30, the exercises were 
opened by the singing of the song, ‘‘Tulane.’?’ ‘Then Archbishop 
Chapelle delivered an eloquent prayer, during which the audience 
stood. ‘Then came the remainder of the programme as follows : 

Addresses of Welcome — On behalf of the faculties, President 
Brandt Van B. Dixon; on behalf of the alumni, William S. 
Parkerson; on behalf of the students, Arthur A. Moreno; on 
behalf of the State, Hon. Newton Crain Blanchard, Governor of 
Louisiana; on behalf of the Board of Administrators, Judge 
Charles E. Fenner. . 

Inaugural Address — Edwin Boone Craighead, M. A., LL. D. 

Conferring of honorary degrees. 

Address of Rey. Beverley E. Warner, D.D. 

Benediction — The Rt. Rev. Davis Sessums, D.D., Bishop of 
Louisiana. , 


PRESIDENT DIXON OF NEWCOMB COLLEGE 


Judge Charles E. Fenner was master of ceremonies. He 
introduced as the first speaker, President B. V. B. Dixon, of 
Newcomb, who made the address of welcome on behalf of the 
faculty of the University. President Dixon said, briefly, after 
welcoming the visiting representatives of other colleges, that 
modern conditions and standards of success and competition were 
apt to warp one’s views of life, but that the broad men’of every 
community should be the champions of their universities. It 
should not be difficult, he said, to persuade them to the broader 
view of life taken by the university. Dr. Dixon said education 
was not merely the business of those who make it their business, 
but the business of the whole community. Education was not 
merely an adornment nor an accomplishment, neither was the 


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university merely an ‘‘institution of learning,’’ as it was apt to 
be styled, but a school of training, where one gets the habit of 
observation, the desire for intellectual development and the passion 
for service. Wonderful as are the accomplishments in a material 
way, due to the development of the human intellect, more 
wonderful still, said Dr. Dixon, are the first promptings of the 
heart to seek knowledge. ‘There was no achievement in a man’s 
life that was really valuable except a moral achievement, and 
every discovery, from the idea of the stone hatchet to the 
wireless telegraph, was a moral achievement. The man who 
really secured a moral achievement in his discovery was he who 
cried, with the spirit of wonder, ‘‘ Kureka.’’ 

Dr. Dixon spoke of the future of New Orleans and the part 
.Tulane might reasonably be expected to take in the upbuilding 
of the city. Which of those who were to take part in the future 
successes of New Orleans were now on the rolls. of Tulane, he 
asked. It was the duty of parents to see to it that their boys 
-were students of the University, for the character of our future 
successes would depend on the kind of training we gave our 
‘ children. 


FOR ALUMNI AND STUDENTS 


W. S. Parkerson, on behalf of the alumni, spoke briefly and 
forcibly. He said there were two things he had noted that 
affected educational conditions in New Orleans: one was the 
undue tendency to seek sympathy from without our own section. 
He asked whether it was outside assistance and sympathy that 
had made both Tulane and New Orleans great. Another thing 
he wished to speak of was the lack of independence in. the 
character of the young men of these days. The third point on 
which he spoke was the tendency on the part of some to decry 
ambition. There had been fewer souls lost on the turbulent seas 
of ambition, said Mr. Parkerson, than on the rocks of indifference. 


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On behalf of the students, Arthur Moreno spoke of the part 
that should be given to athletics, and of the need of a gymnasium, 
an institution that would do more to foster the real university 
life than any one other thing. Boys would be attracted to college 
by its athletic interests who would not come otherwise, and once 
they were within the walls of the University, they would be 
open to all its healthy influences, those of fellowship as well 
as study. 


GOVERNOR BLANCHARD 


Governor Bianchard’s welcome was in behalf of the people 
of the State of Louisiana. He said it was meet and proper to saya 
word in this connection, because the State is now peculiarly alive 
to everything pertaining to education. The inauguration of the 
President of so important an institution as Tulane could not fail 
to be of interest to the State at large. He wished to impress the 
fact that the State considered Tulane one of its institutions. 
The State had a great future, and it wanted Tulane and other 
colleges to do their part in the achievement of success. The 
State took a great pride in Tulane, as it was one of the two 
universities the State fosters, and of which she might justly be 
proud, two universities that should put Louisiana at the head of 
the Southern States in point of education. } 

The conferring of the honorary degree of LL. D. upon Dr. 
Beverley Ellison Warner, now of Trinity Episcopal Church, 
New Orleans, and upon Dr. Brown Ayres, now President of the 
University of Tennessee, came after the conclusion of Dr. Craig- 
head’s speech, and the honoring of these two distinguished 
scholars was attended by many signs of affection and respect. 


ADDRESS OF DR. WARNER 


Dr. Beverley Warner was not only eloquent, but he was at 
times inspiring in his address. As subject, he chose ‘‘ The City 


fs 


and the University,’’ and in a scholarly way showed how closely 
the one was linked to the other. 


He spoke from the standpoint of one who, for a long time, 
had been closely identified with the life at Tulane, and who knew 
what its needs were, or rather, the needs of a great Southern 
university. He prefaced his address by saying that he did not 
speak from the viewpoint of an alien, but rather as one who, in 
his humble capacity, had contributed his mite towards the de- 
velopment of educational life in the city and State. 


The keynote of his address was that the University and the 
city were dependent upon each other for their advancement, and 
this was especially true of New Orleans and Tulane. It was 
accentuated by reason of the fact that the city was growing, and 
in time was destined to be the mistress of the Mississippi Valley, 
to which position she was entitled, because of her advantageous 
position. 

“Into the intellectual culture and industrial achievements of 
the South,’’ he said, ‘‘ Tulane strikes deeper root to-day than 
ever. As her sons grow in age, and her daughters in numbers, 
they grow also more loyal to their alma mater. 


‘““A growing university must always be poor, but by the 
process of making many rich. In the old days it could have 
enriched scores, when it should have been empowered to deal 
with hundreds. I do not plead for an institution so rich that it 
may lie at ease, gorged and sated, an aristocracy of the few, 
living on higher levels and looking down upon the city as upon a 
thing apart. My vision is of a living organism, the heart of a 
great metropolis, receiving her sons and daughters in her brood- 
ing care and sending them back in due time into its throbbing 
life. This is, in part, the inter-relation of city and university. 

‘‘ At the gateway of this land of promise, guardian and toll- 
taker of the throngs which soon will crowd the highway to and 
fro, stands the gracious figure of New Orleans. The old New 


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Orleans will never be again. The new day that dawns upon her 
will not be forgetful of, but fairer and richer because of it. 

‘The University needs a great city at her gates as an object 
lesson to her students. She does not desire to take them apart 
from men amid clouds of intellectual transfiguration, but to stand 
with them on a plane of common life, where men must work and 
play, love and hate, laugh and weep — the world where they are 
to live and do their day’s work. 

‘‘T can not imagine a finer, a more fitting coronet with 
which this splendid metropolis may crown the glory of the 
brilliant past than to adopt this University as her own, to take 
its place as the keystone in the arch of her larger life. To pour 
some of her increasing wealth not into its treasury, but through 
its lecture room, laboratories, libraries, forges — transmuting 
their gold and silver, aye, and copper, too, into character, scholar- 
ship, social righteousness, and minting the trained manhood and 
cultured womanhood, for which long may this University stand !’’ 


ADDRESS OF JUDGE CHARLES E. FENNER, 


PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF ADMINISTRATORS. 


The Administrators of the Tulane Educational Fund are a 
body of citizens selected originally by Paul Tulane, as the 
Trustees, through whom he made to the people of Louisiana, 
and especially to the people of New Orleans his magnificent gift 
of One Million Dollars, to be used for the purpose of educating 
the youth of the City and State. 

Amongst the earliest acts which were passed by the first 
legislature of Louisiana, away back yonder in 1805, was an act 
for the establishment of a university in the City of New Orleans. 
From that date to the present hour, the State in her constitutions 
and legislation has recognized the importance of establishing and 
maintaining a university in the City of New Orleans. The 


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State, in 1847, established in this city the University of Louisiana, 
and made large appropriations of money and property for its 
support, but they were utterly inadequate to accomplish the 
purpose ; and up to the time when Paul Tulane made his great | 
donation, the task of establishing a true University in the A 
of New Orleans seemed indeed hopeless. 


The gift of Paul Tulane offered a golden key for the solu- 
tion of this vast problem. 


In 1884 was passed that immortal legislative contract 
between the State of Louisiana and the Administrators of the 
Tulane Educational Fund, by which the State constituted those 
Administrators as the permanent Administrators of the University 
of Louisiana, and turned over to them all of its rights, privileges 
and immunities, and all of its property and equipments, and 
granted them exemption from all taxation, upon the condition 
and consideration, that not only the property received from 
the State of Louisiana, but all the reventies of the property re- 
ceived from Paul Tulane, should, in the language of the act, 
‘“‘be exclusively dedicated to the service of the State in maintain- 
ing and developing the University of Louisiana,’’ and, in the 
further language of the act, ‘‘ with full power to create and 
develop a great university in the City of New Orleans;’’ and 
upon the further consideration that the said Board should give 
continuously in the Academic Department free tuition to one 
student from each Senatorial and each representative district or 
parish. 

In honor of Paul Tulane, the name of the University of 
Louisiana was changed to the Tulane University of Louisiana. 

This act was submitted as a constitutional amendment to the 
people of the State, and was ratified and approved by a nearly 
unanimous vote. 

The Administrators of the Tulane Educational Fund, thus 
converted into Administrators of the Tulane University of 


Io 


Louisiana, entered upon the gigantic task confided to them, and 
have devoted to its accomplishment all the time, thought, and 
energy of which they were capable. 

Not long afterwards, a noble woman, Mrs. Josephine Louise 
Newcomb, made to these Administrators munificent gifts aggre- 
gating about One Million of Dollars, and at her death bequeathed 
to them her whole estate exceeding Two Million Dollars, to be 
devoted to the exclusive purpose of establishing and maintaining 
a Woman’s Department in the University, which is known as 
the H. Sophie Newcomb College. 

Another noble woman, Mrs, Richardson, gave to those 
Administrators a sum exceeding One Hundred and Forty 
‘Thousand Dollars, to be used exclusively for the benefit of the 
Medical Department of the University. 

More recently Alexander Hutchinson bequeathed to the 
Board about Eight Hundred Thousand Dollars to be devoted 
exclusively to the Medical Department. 

Mrs. Caroline Tilton made to the Administrators a gift of 
Fifty Thousand Dollars for the building of a Library for the 
University. 

Other generous citizens, men and women, have from time 
to time made donations of various kinds, for specific purposes, 
whose names form a list too long for present enumeration, but 
who do not the less on that account deserve and receive our 
gratitude. 

This is a grand endowment for a University, and if the whole 
revenues of the funds were subject to the control of the Admin- 
istrators, to be used for supplying the general needs of the 
University in all its departments, according to the discretion of 
the Administrators, possibly the appeal we are now about to 
make might be of less urgency, but it is to be remembered that 
these are trust funds, and the Administrators have no power to 
use them for any purpose other than the specific purpose to 
which they were dedicated by the donors. 


II 


The University is divided into five departments, to-wit : 

The University Department, the Medical Department, the 
Academic Department, the Law Department, and the Woman’s 
Department. 

If, as we do not doubt, we shall receive the munificent 
bequest of Mrs. Newcomb, the Woman’s Department will be 
placed beyond all need of further assistance, at least for the 
present. It has already an attendance of pay students testing 
the capacity of its accommodation, and when these shall be 
enlarged and expanded, I prophesy that in ten years it will have 
an attendance of a thousand students, representing the best 
womanhood of the entire south. 

The Medical Department with its able faculty and unrivaled 
clinical advantages has to-day five hundred pay students, and I 
predict that in less than ten years it will have an attendance of 
one thousand students, and will stand in every respect as the 
center of medical education in the south, and in the front rank 
with the foremost institutions of the country. While there is 
hardly any limit to its needs of further donations, it is for the 
present safely self-supporting. 

The Law Department undoubtedly needs a complete re- 
organization, and, for that purpose, urgently requires a large 
endowment. The peculiar system of law which prevails in 
Louisiana makes it the only institution where Louisiana lawyers 
can be properly educated. It is so peculiarly and distinctly 
essential to the State of Louisiana to have an institution in 
which her youth may be educated to fill worthily the positions of 
judges, legislators and leaders of her people, that it is confidently 
believed that the State will see the necessity of making adequate 
provisions for the reorganization, support, and development of 
this department. 

What I have to say to you on this occasion concerns partic- 
ularly the Academic Department of the University, including 
the University Department proper. 


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The Academic Department may be called the trunk of the 
University tree,—the backbone of the University body,—the 
corner stone of the University structure. It is the democratic 
soul of the University; it is the department which addresses 
itself to supplying the higher educational needs of the whole 
people without distinction of classes; it furnishes the training 
which is needed by every citizen, whatever career he may elect 
to pursue, whether as lawyer, doctor, minister, teacher, engineer, 
merchant, planter, or any other of the multitudinous avocations 
of life. It furnishes in short, and above all, the training needed. 
to equip every citizen for the best performance of the highest 
duties of citizenship. 


This was undoubtedly the training which Paul Tulane had 
in view when he made his munificent donation for the education 
of the youth of Louisiana. This is unquestionably the training 
which the State had primarily in view in its act constituting the 
Tulane University of Louisiana, as conclusively evidenced by the 
fact that all the free scholarships provided by the act are 
expressly required to be free scholarships in the Academic 
Department. 


Profoundly impressed with these views, the Administrators 
have, from the first, felt it to be their duty to devote, as far as 
possible, the whole avails of the Tulane Endowment to the 
maintainence and development of the Academic Department. 
No one in the least acquainted with the financial requirements of 
a modern university can fail to recognize the large expenditures 
which are needed to maintain such an institution. The needs 
are unlimited. Even those universities which have many millions 
of endowment, and immense revenues from tuition, find them 
inadequate to supply all these needs. 

We have not aspired to do more than to supply the absolute 
necessities of the Academic Department, and with our best efforts 
we find ourselves to-day in the position of being compelled to 


. 


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announce that the means under our control are not sufficient to 
supply even these necessities. 

I shall not trouble you with any details of figures, but shall 
simply state in a general way the financial results of the adminis- 
tration of this department. 

It has but two sources of revenue : 

First—The revenues of the property constituting the Tulane 
Fund. 

Second—The revenues from tuition. . 

The revenues from the first source are largely reduced by the 
expense of repairs, insurance, and administration which must be 
paid. 

The revenues from tuition are largely reduced by the number 
of free scholarships. We had in that department last year two 
hundred and thirty-eight students; of these, one hundred and 
sixty-six held free scholarships, leaving only seventy-two pay 
students. If the whole two hundred and thirty-eight students 
had been paying students, the revenues would have been sufficient 
to meet the expenses of the department for that year, but with only 
seventy-two paying students, they were absolutely insufficient. 

The result is, that for several years the revenues have fallen 
short of the expenditures, and the administration has resulted in 
a deficit each year. In this situation we are confronted with the 
‘question, what are we going to do? 

To permit this annual deficit to continue, means simply the 
gradual eating up of the endowment, which would be unwise and 
unjust, and which, indeed, under the terms of Mr..Tnlane’s 
donation, we have no right to do. 

It follows that we must either reduce our expenditures, or 
find some means of increasing our revenues. 

How are we to reduce our expenditures? We cannot leave 
our property, which consists mainly of improved real estate, 
uninsured ; we are bound to have it looked after and administered. 
We must care for our University grounds and buildings; we 


14 


must maintain and keep in running order the machinery, and the 
fuel, light, and water plants, which we have established there. 
We must meet all the various contingent expenses which are 
inevitable. All these are expenses which must be met, and 
which we have reduced to the most economical basis consistent 
with proper administration. 


The largest item of expenditures is the salaries paid to the 
teaching force, which amounts alone to $52,487.31, exclusive of 
the President’s salary, which is assigned to the item of adminis- 
tration and is paid proportionately by all the departments. 


The teaching force consists of twenty-eight professors, 
assistant professors, and instructors, men of the highest ability 
and culture. These receive an average remuneration of about 
Eighteen Hundred Dollars per annum. ‘To talk about reducing 
this beggarly pittance is simply farcical. It is our deepest regret 
that our means do not permit us to increase it. It should be 
increased, and whenever our means permit, it will be. 

Can we reduce the number of this teaching force? It re- 
quires as large a force for 250 students as it would for 500. It 


is already insufficient, and in sore need of increase in various 
departments. 


The question then still presses,—what are we to do? 


When Dr. Alderman assumed the Presidency of the University, 
he encountered this deficit problem, and sought to solve it by 
organizing what was called ‘‘a citizens’ fund,’’ by obtaining sub- 
scriptions from a few liberal citizens. By great effort, through 
the exertion of his personal magnetism and the co-operation of 
the Progressive Union and other public-spirited citizens, he 
succeeded in raising Fifteen Thousand Dollars the first year. 
During the second year, the collection fell to seven thousand 
dollars. This method is unsatisfactory. It requires an annual 
struggle to keep it up; it imposes a burden upon a few public- 
spirited citizens, which should be shared by a large number. 


15 


We have now called here the distinguished gentleman who 
is to be inaugurated to-day as President of the University, and 
upon whom we have imposed the task of conducting its affairs as 
its executive head. He finds himself confronted with this same 
deficit, which, unless removed, must paralyze his efforts. We 
feel it our duty to find some way of removing this obstacle from 
his path. 

Under these circumstances, we have concluded to appeal to 
the people of New Orleans and of the State, and we believe we 
have the right to appeal to them. ‘They are, after all, the most 
immediate beneficiaries of the trust which has been confided to 
us, to build up a great University in the City of New Orleans. 

It is not needful, nor have I the time, to dwell upon the 
enormous benefits,—moral, intellectual, and material,—such an 
institution will confer upon the people of New Orleans and upon 
their descendants to the remotest generation. 

There is not a city in the land, of the size of New Orleans, 
which does not recognize the immense advantages of having such 
an institution in its midst, and whose people are not always 
ready to contribute liberally to its support. New Orleans stands 
to-day upon the verge of an era of enormous development in 
wealth and prosperity. The energies of her people, which have 
been so long dormant, are at last fully aroused, and are devoted 
to the task of making New Orleans what she ought to be —a 
truly great city, the metropolis of the South, and its most con- 
spicuous leader and representative. 


Not one of the elements which go to make the true greatness 
of a city is of more importance than the establishment and main- 
tenance of a great university. I quote from an address, recently 
made by the President of the Progressive Union, in which, after 
foreshadowing the material greatness in store for New Orleans, 
he said : 


“It is evident, however, that unless our progress in the arts and 
sciences, in moral and mental culture, in all that makes for the higher type 


16 


of man, and the higher life of a city, keep pace with our material progress, 
our city can never take rank as a truly great city. 


‘“To deserve and retain our claim to be the metropolis of the South, we 
must lead, not only in commerce, but in all the higher attributes, and we 
look to the alumni of Tulane, specially fitted by the high moral atmosphere 
of their college life and their mental development, to take a leading part in 
all earnest work which will tend to the upbuilding of our city.”’ 

I am sure that this exalted sentiment will find an echo in the 
mind and heart of every worthy citizen of New Orleans. 


We propose to make an effort to rally to the support of the 
University the great mass of our people. We propose to organize 
a movement which will place it in the power of every citizen, 
whether of large or of moderate means, to contribute to its 
support, in proportion to his means. 


For this purpose, we propose that a corporation shall be 
organized under the name of ‘‘ Citizens’ Auxiliary Association to 
the Tulane University of Louisiana,’’ and call upon the people to 
become members of this corporation. The fees of membership 
shall be annual dues of ten dollars for each membership, allowing 
to every person the privilege of taking as many memberships as 
he chooses, thus enabling all to contribute in proportion to their 
means and desires. The dues thus collected annually are to be 
appropriated to the University through its administrators. The 
business of the corporation will be managed by an Executive 
Committee of representative citizens, who will see to the procur- 
ing of members, the collection of the annual dues, and all other 
business matters. 


Is there a citizen of even the most moderate means who will 
not be willing to contribute the sum of ten dollars per year 
towards the support of the University? Are there not very many 
who will take a larger number of memberships ? 

If the people shall respond to this appeal, and join in the 
movement, it will afford a permanent solution of the difficulties 
with which we are confronted; it will set the University on a 


17 


steady march of progrese, and will bring to a glorious fruition 
the hopes of the founders of the University, in whose memory the 
exercises of this day are held. We appeal to the citizens of New 
Orleans and of the State to rally to this movement, and to make 
the list of members of this Citizens’ Auxiliary Association a Roll 
of Honor from which every citizen will feel ashamed that his 
name should be absent. 


ADDRESS OF 


PRESIDENT CRAIGHEAD 


It is not in my own name, but in the name of learning, 
that I thank you one and all alike for these kindly greetings and 
the favor of your presence. You are here, not to honor an 
individual, but to attest your appreciation of the cause he repre- 
sents — a cause as sacred as the rights of man. Not for my own 
sake, but for the sake of that cause you will, I trust, hear 
patiently the discussion that follows: ‘The University and New 
Orleans, the University and Louisiana. 

The occasion that calls us together demands the utmost 
plainness of speech. We are approaching a crisis in our educa- 
tional history. It is no time for the tossing of bouquets, for the 
exchange of pleasing compliments and fine phrases. The best 
that I can do for you is to express my thoughts freely, and the 
best that you can do for me is to give me the utmost stretch of 
your magnanimity. A son of Louisiana might well without 
offense give utterance to thoughts that would scarcely be wel- 
comed from the lips of a stranger or a foreigner. But I do not 
feel myself a stranger among you, for the people of Louisiana 
have the rare and gracious tact of making newcomers feel at 
home. Still less am I a foreigner. It is true that I come from a 
distant state, from a land whose patron saint, her maligners tell 
us, is the notorious outlaw, Jesse James, but remember, I pray 
you, Missouri is the daughter of Louisiana. Always have I been 
proud to call myself a son of the greater Louisiana, nor shall I 
ever cease to esteem it rare good fortune to live and to labor in 
this, the ancient capital of my fatherland. 


19 


There was a time, we are told in that charming volume, 
““ New Orleans, the Place and the People,’’ when the city counted 
for aid on Missouri and the great West, nor did she count in vain. 
There was a time when Missouri and the great West were 
tributary to this city. Missouri and the great West still belong 
to New Orleans, not alone by the right of inheritance, but by the 
gift of God. There was a time when New Orleans fought for the 
control of the vast and growing commerce of the Mississippi 
Valley. The time is coming—it is not far distant—-when a ship 
canal shall unite the waters of the two great oceans, and then 
shall New Orleans fight once again and victoriously for the trade 
of the Mississippi and for her just proportion of the commerce of 
Cuba, of Mexico, of South America and of the Orient. ‘Thomas. 
Jefferson’s prophecy that New Orleans would one day be the 
greatest city of the American Union may not be realized—cer- 
tainly not in our day—but it is altogether reasonable to hope that 
within the next twenty-five years your eyes shall look out upon 
a splendid metropolis, not of three hundred thousand but of a 
million inhabitants. 

New Orleans and the University—that is my theme. New 
Orleans needs this University ; this University needs New Orleans. 
The one is vitally interested in the growth of the other, because 
a metropolis is the fittest home for the modern university. 
Henceforth the future belongs to the urban university — the 
university situated in the great city, which pulsates with the 
tireless throb of trade, which breathes the larger life of letters, of 
art, of commerce, of social service, Such a city is itself the best. 
of all laboratories for the advanced student in law, in medicine, 
in music, in art, in engineering, in architecture, in sociology, in 
education, in linguistics, and in letters. Hither throng the great 
experts, the jurists, the physicians, the artists, the architects, the 
engineers, the educators, the theorists, the dreamers, the poets, 
and the seers. Here are museums and hospitals and libraries and 
theatres and learned societies and vast enterprises, the ceaseless 


20 


whirl and stir of humanity, all creeds and tongues, all hopes and 
dreams, that stir and thrill the soul of man. Here converge the 


.. great railway lines, the endlessly ramified arteries of commerce. 


Hither from remotest shores come ships freighted with the pro- 
ducts of the toil and skill of foreign lands. We watch them as 
they come. and go, these floating palaces of the sea, and our 
imaginations are fired and our souls are thrilled with the thought 
that all humanity is one and inseparable, bound together in the 
indissoluble ties of friendship and commerce. How doubly dead 
the soul of youth, who, living amid such inspiring scenes, does 
not see visions and dream dreams ! 

It will be said that the temptations of the city are great, 
and indeed they are. But great as are the tempations of vice, 
greater still are the incentives to virtue. Danger we must face at 
every step, or wage war on life itself. In this connection it may 
not be amiss to quote a few lines from the inaugural address of 
my predecessor : 

‘“A college is the safest place in the world to spend one’s 
youth, and there are no safer colleges than those which stand in 
great cities, in touch with reality, inspired by civic ideals and 
restrained by civic laws. The city college is no place for a 
weakling. But there is no place for a weakling. I dare to say 
that the morals of city institutions are better than those of rural 
institutions.’’ 

It may indeed be urged with considerable force that the 
country is the ideal place for the academy, the town the fittest 
place for the college ; but it will be very generally conceded that 
the modern university finds its fittest home in the metropolis girt 
about by the roar of the world’s contending hosts. Boulogna, 
Paris, Berlin, Leipsic, Leyden, Oxford, Edinburgh, in the old 
world, and Harvard, Columbia, Pennsylvania, Chicago, California, 
Johns Hopkins, in the new, owe to their unrivaled locations in or 
near great cities much of their fame and influence as foci of 
education. ‘This University also has grown to be the largest and 


21 


the most influential in the Southwest mainly because of her 
fortunate situation in this, the chief city of that region. It was 
President Nicholas Murray Butler, and before him your own 
President William Preston Johnston, who declared that there 
were five predestined seats;of leading American universities — 
Boston, New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and New Orleans. 

Not only, however, does the University need the city ; the 
city needs the University. Measured in dollars and cents, this 
seminary is of no inconsiderable value to New Orleans. If Nash- 
ville and Tennessee find it to their interest to offer three-fourths 
of a million dollars for the Peabody Normal, it is not unreasonable 
to estimate in millions Tulane’s importance to this city. I shall 
not, however, offend the intelligence of this culture-loving people 
by taking into account such mercenary considerations. Not for 
one million, nor for a hundred million, nor for any merely mon- 
etary consideration, could New Orleans afford to give up this 
University and the cause for which it stands; for that cause is the 
larger and the richer and the total life of this community, and, 
after all, ‘‘ there is no real wealth but life.”’ 


WEALTH AND GREATNESS 


We talk of great cities and our thoughts turn to London, 
to New York, to Chicago; but let us not confound extent of 
wealth or population with greatness. That city is greatest which 
‘¢ furnishes the most abundant life to the largest number of human 
beings.’’ ‘‘To buy and sell,’’ says Victor Hugo, ‘‘that is not 
all. ‘Tyre bought and sold, Sidon bought and sold, Sarepta sold 
and bought. Where are those cities? Gone, like a dream. 
Athens taught and she is to this day the intellectual capital of 
the world.”’ 

Is New Orleans to become an Athens or a Liverpool, famous 
merely as a center of trade, or renowned also as a center of 
intelligence ? 


22 


I am not here to advertise the latest importation from 
Paris, the doctrine of Pastor Wagner, who fain would ‘roll the — 
centuries back and live again the simple, joyous life of which the 
poets sing, when all the world was young.’ The absurdest of all 
wars is the war on wealth. May New Orleans have many 
millionaires. ‘They are the mighty levers for the uplift of society. 
With unlimited opportunities within her grasp, New Orleans 
ought to become — it would be to herown eternal shame not to 
become — the richest city of the richest valley in the world. To 
our captains of industry, to our energetic and enterprising men 
of wealth whose genius is doing much to restore to this city her 
rightful place among the chief cities of the Union, let us all say 
Godspeed. Give back to New Orleans what was swept from her 
by fire and flood and sword and, more than all else, by mis- 
government. May they redeem, even as they are fast redeeming, 
and in tenfold measure, her commercial pre-eminence and her 
industrial prestige. All this must be done and certainly will be 
done; but neither will the rest be left undone. Your presence 
here to-day is a promise and a pledge that you are solemnly re- 
solved to make yours acity of the soul; to bind her brow with 
the triple crown of commerce and of industry and of art; to cast 
abroad from her creScent over all this valley the lines of her 
trade, but, still more, the spell of her learning, her literature, 
her science, her intellectual and spiritual power. 

But I must hasten on to the second part of this address — 
The University and the State of Louisiana. The legal title of 
this institution, ‘The Tulane University of Louisiana, has, in one 
essential respect, been unfortunate and misleading. Tulane is 
an almost fatally fine and inevitable abbreviation; but it is not 
the Tulane University, located in Louisiana, as is generally con- 
cluded by people living in other states and possibly by many 
persons in our own state unacquainted with our educational 
history; it is the University of Louisiana, established by the 
Legislature of the State in 1847, and later called the Tulane 


23 


University of Louisiana, in honor of Paul Tulane. 

Such prefixing of epithets is not unprecedented nor un- 
common. ‘In like manner the State Agricultural and Mechanical 
College of South Carolina which receives from the State an 
annual income of more than $50,000, is called Clemson College, 
in honor of Mr. Clemson, son-in-law of John C. Calhoun, who 
gave $100,000 toward its founding ; the Normal and Industria 
College of South Carolina, supported by an annual appropriation 
from the State is called ‘‘Winthrop’’ merely in honor of Mr. 
Winthrop, who made no contribution to it whatever; the State 
University of New York is called simply Cornell, in honor of the 
man who gave largely and generously to its endowment. 

The legal title, however, must appear exceedingly appro- 
priate and suggestive to persons familiar with the history of this 
institution. There may, however, be present those less acquainted 
with the facts, and for the benefit of those it seems in place on 
this occasion to recount briefly the story of the Tulane bequest. 

At an opportune time when the despoiler had been driven 
from the land, and the people had once again won the right to live 
and labor and enjoy the fruits of their labor, Paul Tulane came 
forward with the outstretched hand of help. Never was there a 
timelier, nobler gift to a nobler cause. To a people poverty- 
stricken and taxridden, but unbroken in spirit, who had just 
shaken off the hideous nightmare of reconstruction, he said in 
simple, noble speech, ‘‘ A million is yours. Use it, not for the 
glory of the giver, but for the moral and intellectual culture of 
your people.’’ And so the Administrators of the Tulane Fund, 
unhampered by any annoying restrictions whatsoever, determined 
not to found a private or independent university bearing the 
name of Tulane, but with marvelous magnanimity and foresight 
proposed to the State to use the entire income for the develop- 
ment of an old and honorable institution, the University of 
Louisiana. ‘The State, with equal foresight and wisdom, accepted 
the gift on the terms proposed. Thus was made between the 


24 


Administrators and the State the celebrated compact, afterwards 
incorporated in the Constitution of 1884, and again ratified in the 
Constitution of 1898, which, in section 5, reads as follows: 

‘‘Be it further enacted, etc., That in consideration of the 
agreement of said Board to develop and maintain the University 
of Louisiana, and thereby dedicate its revenues not to purposes 
of private or corporate income or profit, but to the public purposes 
of developing and maintaining the University of Louisiana, all 
the property of the said board, present and future, be and the 
same is hereby recognized as exempt from all taxation, state, 
parochial and municipal.’’ 

In Section 4 the agreement reads as follows : 

‘Be it further enacted, etc., That in honor of Paul Tulane, 
and in recognition of his beneficent gifts and of their dedication 
to the purposes expressed in this act, the name of the University 
of Louisiana be, and the same is hereby changed to that of the 
Tulane University of Louisiana, under which name it shall possess 
all the powers, privileges, immunities, and franchises, now vested 
in the University of Louisiana, as well as such powers as may 
flow from this act, or may be vested in said board, under the 
terms of this act, from the adoption of the constitutional amend- 
ment hereafter referred to.’’ 

Here, my friends, was the largest gift that had ever been 
made by one person at one time toastate university. Since that 
time the following bequests have been added: Mrs. Josephine 
Louise Newcomb, $3,283,696.15; Mrs. Ida A. Richardson, 
$141,375; Mrs. Caroline S. Tilton, $52,000; Mr. Alexander C. 
Hutchinson, $800,000; Dr. A. B. Miles, $10,000; scholarships, 
$18,757. In addition to these gifts, aggregating about $5,500,- 
ooo, more than one hundred beneficent people have given 
generously to the University. Never before in the history of 
American education have the citizens of a war-wasted state 
voluntarily contributed so largely in so short a time toa state 


25 


educational institution. This is really something to be proud of. 

But what has the State of Louisiana given during the past 
twenty years for the support of her University of Louisiana at 
New Orleans? Nothing whatever, It will be claimed that in 
exempting the University’s real and other estate from taxation, 
the State, in so doing, is making that institution her beneficiary. 
But those who make this claim do so on the assumption that 
this is a private or independent university, forgetting the fact 
that the entire income of the Tulane and other bequests is used 
and must be used solely for the support and maintenance of the 
University of Louisiana. Thus it is the state that is the 
beneficiary of these bequests. But if this were an independent 
foundation like Johns Hopkins, the state would still be the 
beneficiary of the Tulane bequest, and not this bequest the 
beneficiary of the state, for this University offers annually two 
hundred and twenty-five free scholarships. ‘To educate a youth 
at Tulane costs more than $400 a year, a considerable sum, it is 
true, but not more than at Harvard or Yale, or the great state 
universities. Thus while the Tulane bequest has exemption 
from taxation on its productive real estate, amounting to $740,000, 
a consideration equal to about $20,000, this same bequest provides 
for two hundred and twenty-five free scholarships to the sons of 
the state, a consideration equal to about $100,000 a year. 

Johns Hopkins University, a strictiy private foundation, 
having no connection with the state, has received through the 
Legislature of Maryland during the past eight years $248,000, an 
average annual appropriation of $31,000, though Hopkins offers, 
in recognition of this aid, only twenty free scholarships to 
Maryland students. ‘This appropriation for the past two years 
has been $50,000 annually, without increase in free scholarships. 
But Johns Hopkins is a private foundation, whereas Tulane is 
and always must be the University of Louisiana. 

But some one may say, did not the administrators agree 
to maintain the institution for all time to come on the income 


26 


from the Tulane bequest? It may be true that the administrators, 
assured of additional gifts from Paul Tulane, which, for some 
reason, never came, did think that they would be able to support 
the institution without state aid, and hence the following clause 
in that celebrated agreement : 

‘The said board further agree and bind themselves to 
waive all legal claims upon the State of Louisiana for any appro- 
priations as provided in the Constitution of this State in favor of 
the University of Louisiana.’’ 

Very well, the administrators can make no legal claim upon 
the state for a definite appropriation; but neither can the 
regents of the University of Virginia, nor of Alabama, nor of 
Texas, nor of Missouri, make any legal claim or demand upon 
the legislatures of those states for definite appropriations. This 
University stands in substantially the same relation to Louisiana. 
I can find no reason for believing that the administrators ever 
promised to support throughout all generations the institution 
from the Tulane and other bequests, and, if they had, it must 
still be clear as noonday that these promises could in no way 
forbid future generations to maintain their own University, for 
the simple reason that this University is the child of the state, 
and while the state has the right to withhold her support, yet she 
has an equal and inalienable right, not to say duty, to support 
that child as generously as she can. 

Let us, however, pass over all such considerations, as 
wholly unworthy the serious attention of the patriotic people, 
and let us ask the all-inclusive question: Whether it is to the 
high interest, the glory, the renown of Louisiana to foster and 
maintain a great university ? 

My friends, there is, there can be, but one answer. A 
really great institution of learning which shall be to this genera- 
tion and the generations to come what the University of Virginia 
was to the whole ante bellum South, would do more to restore to 
the Southern people their lost leadership in the affairs of this 


27 


nation than all other agencies combined. Such a university, 
taking rank with Oxford and Berlin and Edinburgh and Har- 
vard, would put into our keeping the keys of knowledge, would 
put into our hands the sceptre of dominion. It would give us 
intellectual, if not political, supremacy. Such a university is 
nowhere yet to be found in the South; but here in our own 
midst is its promise and its potency, in the Tulane University of 
Louisiana. 

Louisiana, I had almost said the South, has one oppor- 
tunity and only one to develop upon her own soil and in the near 
future a world-famed university. She has only to build wisely 
and generously upon the broad and substantial foundation already 
laid in the bequest of Paul Tulane. 

It would cost the state many million dollars and a half cen- 
tury’s effort to build up in any other city what the Tulane 
University of Louisiana already has in New Orleans. Her twenty 
excellent buildings cost more than a million dollars. Her Medical 
Department has the use of a great hospital, which institutions in 
smaller cities can never have at any cost. The many courts, 
state and federal, holding here frequent sessions, are to the Law 
College what the hospitals are to the Medical. The Tulane, the 
Newcomb, the Hutchinson, the Tilton, the Richardson, and 
other bequests amount to about five and a half million dollars. 
The Tulane University of Louisiana has, in all her departments, 
about 1500 students. It is clear, therefore, that what other 
states have paid millions of dollars to secure, Louisiana already 
has, and that, too, with but trifling cost to the state herself. It 
may, however, be said that it is wise to let well enough alone, 
' that the University is doing very well, that it is fabulously rich, 
that it really does not need money. As compared with many of 
the struggling colleges of the South, the Tulane University of 
Louisiana is indeed well endowed. But as compared with the 
great universities of the country she is deplorably poor. The 
total present annual income in 1903-1904 from all sources is 


28 


$218,343. The total present annual income of Harvard is a 
million and a half dollars. It may be well to see what are the 
annual incomes of some of the great State Universities : 

The total annual income of the University of California 
for 1903-1904 was $945,919, of Illinois $956,166, of Michigan 
$787,302, of Wisconsin, $771,229, of Missouri $486,024. Indiana 
has two Universities, one of which has an income of $246,690, 
and the other of $171,872. Ohio has three Universities, one 
having an income of $1,050,000, one of $135,142, and one of 
$67,256. These figures speak for themselves. 

Let me, therefore, face the facts, unpleasing though they 
’ may be, and confess that the Tulane University of Louisiana is 
poor and desperately needy. Permit me to go a little into detail. 
The Medical Department, which is soon to receive the Hutchinson 
bequest of $800,000, is not in pressing need of help, though a 
gift of $3,000,000 to this great college, now the largest in the 
South, would enable it to become the peer of any competitor 
in the world. The H. Sophie Newcomb College, the woman’s 
department of the University, with its present endowment of 
$750,000, is really hampered for lack of funds; but if the institu- 
tion comes into possession of the two and a half million bequest 
of Mrs. Newcomb (and of this we do not entertain a doubt) the 
Newcomb will be the best endowed college for women on the 
planet. It will be a fitting monument to the noble womanhood 
of New Orleans, a city pre-eminently distinguished for the 
culture, the generosity, and the charity of her women. Without 
fear of successful contradiction, it may be affirmed that the 
women of New Orleans have contributed more to the cause of 
higher education in the past ten years than the women of any 
other city of equal wealth and white population in the world. 
Our Medical College and our department for women are, there- 
fore, already fairly well provided for, but our ancient and 
honorable Department of Law, organizedin 1847, has no home of 
its own, and, having no endowment and no support from the 


29 


state, is absolutely dependent upon tuition fees for support. 
Here is an opportunity for some large-hearted, broad-minded man 
to immortalize himself by giving upon its approaching semi-cen- 
tennial a half million dollars to this, the only law college in the 
country that bases, and must base, its course of instruction upon 
the civil law, the Code Napoleon. But now comes the tragic part 
of this statement. Does anyone believe that the body can thrive 
and be strong while the heart is weak from inanition? Our 
Academic Colleges, the very heart of the University, face an 
annual shortage of $15,000. Three years ago, my predecessor, 
embarrassed by this fact, appealed to the citizens of New Orleans 
to contribute this amount annually. But, owing to death, 
financial losses, and other causes, the total sum received from 
this so-called citizens’ endowment fund for the present scholastic 
year is far short of the sum originally pledged. Again will it be 
necessary to appeal to citizens for aid, or scale the salaries, or 
reduce the number of our professors. 


NEED OF GYMNASIUM 


Tulane is in sore need of a gymnasium, which the people 
of New Orleans should build, and our library, the noble gift of a 
generous woman, should be at once enlarged and endowed, 
adequately to meet the needs of our professors and students. 
These are only some of our pressing demands, not for growth, 
but for bare subsistence. How shall they be met? ‘That is 
the question which can not be blinked and can not be evaded —a 
question that is at once a menace and a reproach. But must 
the Tulane University of Louisiana remain forever dependent 
for its annual support on the uncertain accident of private 
benevolence? Shall the president spend his time tramping the 
streets of New Orleans, begging the mere maintenance of an 
all-important state institution, or shall the State herself add 


30 


the strength of her own strong arm to the noble efforts of in- 
dividuals? Shall we scale the salaries of professors, whereas the 
salaries, all admit, are ridiculously small. No; for in so doing 
we should lose our ablest professors ; and you will agree with me 
that the sons of Louisiana no less than the sons of New England 
are worthy of the best training of the best teachers. Enlightened 
self-interest should come to our aid, for our people can not afford 
to let the ablest of our professors leave New Orleans. This 
brings me to a question of vital interest to the people of Louisiana. 
It is said that, in many parts of the State, this University is 
called, unjustly I am sure, an aristocratic institution, a school 
for the sons of the rich. ‘This error is the very grossest. Tulane 
University acknowledges no aristocracy but the aristocracy of 
brains and character. ‘To the credit of the faculty, it can be said 
that Gentile and Jew, Catholic and Protestant, rich and poor, 
are treated with equal consideration. We have a permanent 
committee on self-help and not a few of our students, among 
them the most highly esteemed, support themselves in whole or 
in part by their own efforts, with all possible encouragement 
from the faculty. 


But there is one thing we earnestly desire — to see the 
Tulane University of Louisiana brought into closer touch with all 
the people of Louisiana. Even if it were sailing upon the high 
seas of wealth, instead of being in extreme financial straits, as is 
the actual case, it would still be the part of mere worldly wisdom 
for the state to contribute to her maintenance and development ; 
for the University can never become endeared to the citizenship 
of the state, the people can never come to feel the proper pride 
and interest in the University as a part of themselves, as the 
topmost flower of their higher life, as the goal of their ambition 
for their sons and daughters, until they make it their own by 
claiming some share in the glory of maintaining it at the highest 
pitch of excellence. 


31 


Shall we not, then, ask the State of Louisiana to make an 
annual appropriation, not in consideration alone of the 225 free 
scholarships annually given by the University, but to enable the 
Administrators to put the tuition offered in our Department of 
Arts and Sciences and technology within reach of every honest, 
aspiring white youth within her borders. Let Louisiana do for 
her University at New Orleans what she is already doing for her 
University at Baton Rouge, what Virginia and Mississippi and 
Texas and nearly all the other states of this Union, North and 
South, are doing — offer here free tuition to all the sons of the 
state. Is it possible that Louisiana will give annually $10,000 
to the Southern University at New Orleans for the education 
of the black boy, and yet will refuse to contribute a dollar 
for the education of the white boy of promise, who can not 
pay our tuition fees? I can not believe it. Is our law school 
to struggle on year after year, absolutely dependent upon 
tuition fees, or will the State make an adequate annual appro- 
tion, and thus enable the administrators to raise the standard, to 
employ professors who shall give their whole time to the students, 
and to place this honorable institution among the first law schools 
of the country? The New Orleans Bar Association has declared 
its purpose to rally to its support. May we not reasonably hope 
that the Louisiana bar, in vindication of a noble profession, will 
join the movement ? 

Are we to be told that Tulane, like Harvard, or Yale, or 
Chicago, must count alone upon private benevolence? But these 
are private foundations, whereas Tulane is the University of 
Louisiana. Nor is this all. Massachusetts has given to Harvard 
half a million dollars ; Connecticut, $200,000 to Yale ; Chicago is 
indeed absolutely dependent, because this institution has behind 
it the oceanic wealth of Mr. Rockefeller. The University of 
Pennsylvania, a private foundation, having no connection with 
the State, is asking the Legislature of Pennsylvania for an appro- 
priation of $650,000. For the past ten years the Tennessee 


32 


Legislature has appropriated annually $20,000 for the support of 
the Peabody Normal. Not only that, the State of Tennessee 
must immediately face the proposition of making an appropria- 
tion of $250,000 to retain permanently the Peabody Normal 
School. But all these are private foundations, whereas Tulane 
is, I repeat, by the law and the Constitution, the University of 
Louisiana. If these States find it to their highest interest 
generously to support private foundations rendering great service 
to the people, will Louisiana refuse any support to a great state 
institution, and by such refusal strike her own right arm with 
palsy? What other states are doing, Louisiana in proportion to 
her wealth may also do. Of course, it has been whispered in my 
ears that comparisons are always odious and offensive. But I 
cannot, I will not believe that it will offend the good people of 
Louisiana to be told what other states are doing. My friends, 
there is absolutely no hope for a people who refuse to see what 
the rest of the world is about. That for 200 years was the 
attitude of Spain, and with what result? Let the great English 
historian answer: ‘‘ Proud of her history, proud of the antiquity 
of her opinions, proud of the purity of her faith, proud of the 
persecuting zeal that guards it, she closes the rear in the march 
of civilization.’’ Germany, France, Japan, America, every pro- 
gressive country or state, is intensely interested in what the out- 
side world is doing. Permit me, therefore, to present some in- 
teresting facts, with no intention to offend the most supersensitive. 

Fourteen states of the Union levy a mill tax, which brings 
in a permanent support to their universities, and thereby relieves 
the regents of the necessity of appealing to legislatures except 
for special appropriations. 


REVENUE OF UNIVERSITIES 


The following universities receive from this source the sums 
stated : 


a Bay er 2 tet COMES Cae RE OS i Na Ran ge a Re $309,779 
ae Cala MM EES Le Rd i maa deen enc at eae See 140,000 
Indiana— 

EUG GARRITY PSs) ag aie SO ees ame aL a oe a Bie ee 123,471 

PU ee) Pees ee Spc) Syig MO) EPS Bit ele ree eye. bean sey a sieles 
PREECE Yimtate LOMere. kun esse Meat el a 35,000 
(Ma aE Ge ACPA I By a Ue ee eae Bes Aine f ML 294,779 
North Dakota............ . SABIE RES oe. a Ba a mien dat oS ai - 56,950 
Ohio— 

Sl Ne Rl hte FUR PA lei Uaioe BERN sh - 310,000 

1 (LE ERG) Sa aie Onne ei yy Se ees aw ieee ea 710,000 

coll oes ini Five a Ak beh a se ae teegn aah as Me 50,000 
(A a (Ot ates oie SARE Ran sh allan a RR One eee RD 315,620 


In addition to this permanent support, all, or nearly all, of 
these institutions obtain from their legislatures special appro- 
priations for special purposes. Permit me to be a little more 
specific. Nebraska, a wild and woolly Western state, carved out 
of a bleak and inhospitable corner of the original Louisiana 
domain, a territory that, for years following the war, was 
without railroads or factories, or large cities — Nebraska, with a 
taxable wealth of $294,779,000, levies a one mill tax for the sup- 
port of her university. Louisiana having an assessed property 
valuation of $351,000,000 could, by levying an equal assessment, 
secure for her higher institutions of learning a permanent annual 
income of $351,000. Buta tenth of a mill tax, a tax of only 
one dollar on $10,000, a tax that even a university professor 
could pay without feeling it, even such a tax would yield from 
forty to one hundred thousand a year and double the efficiency of 
the Colleges of Arts and Sciences and Technology. 


But we shall very properly be told that the comparison is 
not just, because Nebraska is not compelled to fight the Missis- 
sippi River, nor to bear the burden of an immense war debt. 
Quite true; but let us hope for better things. Louisiana can not 


34 


compel the federal government to lift from her the burden of an 
unjust tax imposed during the reconstruction period, but now 
that the South has a warm friend in President Roosevelt, she 
might very hopefully ask the general government to take charge 
of the Mississippi levees and thus enable the State to turn to the 
support of higher learning the revenues derived from the one 
mill levee tax. Three hundred years ago, the States of Holland 
granted to the city of Leyden immunity from dyke taxation. 
This was done in recognition of the patriotism and valor of her 
citizens, who, though besieged for months, faced starvation 
rather than surrender to the hated Spaniard. The people of 
Leyden refused to be released from the tax, but asked, in recog- 
nition of their services to the fatherland, for the establishment of 
a university. Theirs was indeed a brave defense and worthy of 
the recognition it received. But it was maintained for a few 
months only, and when the Spaniard was beaten away, the 
troubles of Leyden were over. But it is forty long years that 
the people of New Orleans and the South have maintained an 
heroic defense against poverty, against political punderers, against 
floods of the Mississippi, and against the still more appalling 
floods of ignorance and vice and crime let loose upon them by the 
federal government in the emancipation of the four million slaves, 
at once invested with all the rights of citizenship. For forty years 
the South, with heroism and pluck and patriotism, has grappled 
with these confounding problems with no aid from the general 
government except somesmall, but substantial helpin maintaining 
the Mississippi levees. May we not hope, therefore, that President 
Roosevelt, descendant of those sturdy Hollanders, may recall the 
generosity of his fatherland and urge on the American Congress 
the duty of protecting a patriotic people against the floods of the 
Mississippi ? 

Be this as it may, of one thing we may be sure: We can 
and we will solve our own problems, fight our own battles, and 
carve out our own destiny. This world has always belonged and 


35 


always will belong to the people who believe in themselves, who 
have the courage to look facts in the face, to turn defeat into 
victory, disaster into triumph. Who are they that redeemed 
this land, sold to ruin and corruption? Not such as, when the 
war was over, sat down amid the ashes of the past and wept and 
wailed over dead and dying hopes, but the lion-hearted heroes 
who ‘‘toiled and wrought and thought and ever with a frolic 
welcome took the thunder and the sunshine’’; who, relying upon 
themselves and God alone, returned to their desolated plantations 
and abandoned cities, ‘‘made bricks without straw and spread 
splendor amid the ruins of their war-wasted homes’’; who, when 
endurance was a crime and resistance a virtue, arose in their 
might and drove from their legislative halls a horde of greedy 
carpet-baggers and ignorant freedmen. These men shed lustre on 
the name and fame of Louisiana, because they relied upon the 
strength of their own hearts and hands. A still greater_contest 
now confronts us—a contest not for political, but for commercial 
and educational independence. To whom must the South now 
turn for succor in her fight for better schools, for freedom, for 
civilization? To the clear-headed, broad-minded men and women 
who live upon her soil, and to those alone. Not such as fold 
their arms and wait for the bounty of the federal government, 
not such as dream and pray that some multi-millionaire may 
reach out to lift us from the slough of despond; not such as 
implore some pitying hand of help to a people unable to help 
themselves ; not upon any of these must the South depend in her 
struggle for industrial and intellectual eminence. The South 
must work out her own salvation. My faith in the future of 
Louisiana is great, but no greater than my faith in the courage, 
the pluck, the enterprise, the patriotism, the magnanimity of her 
people. Far be it from me to disparage or depreciate the timely 
assistance rendered our country in her hour of need by the large- 
hearted men of the North, the Peabodys, the Vanderbilts, and 
the rest, who, assuming no patronizing airs and imposing no 


36 


humiliating conditions, gave bountifully to her rehabilitation. 
Such noble benefactors the South will hold in everlasting re- 
membrance. But, while thankfully receiving any educational 
gift that may come from richer and more developed sections of 
the Union, Louisiana may still boast that she is both able and 
willing to educate her own children. 


DUTY OF THE STATE 


It has already been granted that Louisiana is bearing a 
heavy burden of taxation. It must also be avowed that she 
should not neglect, but should provide more generously for her 
public schools, including her high schools, her normal and in- 
dustrial schools, and her University and Agricultural and 
Mechanical College at Baton Rouge. But Louisiana is neither 
poor nor feeble. She bears her burdens lightly like the giant 
she is; nay, her educational burdens she bears proudly like a 
high leaping arch which is not crushed, but confirmed by the 
superincumbent mass. Moreover, she is riding on the crest of 
prosperity. A great future lies before her. With a climate as 
genial as Italy’s, with a soil as rich as the Nile Valley, with 
untold riches hid away in her oil fields, with a greater area of 
oyster waters than that of all other states combined, the only 
state traversed by the majestic Mississippi, looking out on the 
great Gulf, Louisiana holds the wealth of a world within her 
grasp. Within easy reach of Cuba and South America, she may, 
unlike the great Northwest, ship to and from Europe what she 
pleases without the consent of New York. Her railroads are 
just celebrating a triumph over New York in the matter of 
differential rates. Louisiana is the natural gateway between 
Europe and the great Southwest. Of her twenty-eight million 
acres, only five millions are under cultivation. Here are vast 
stretches of land, now the breeding places of mosquitoes and 


Yi 


malaria, which, when drained, may be turned not only into fields 
and gardens of unsurpassed fertility, but into health resorts for 
the less favored people of the frozen North. Compared with 
Virginia, with Massachusetts, with Connecticut, Louisiana is 
fabulously rich in opportunity. 

But how may Louisiana grasp and improve her opportunity ? 
The answer is immediate: By giving to her youth the best and 
most practical industrial, as well as the highest scientific train- 
ing. What West Point is to our army, what Annapolis is to our 
navy, that and more her industrial schools at Lafayette and 
Ruston, her Agricultural and Mechanical College and her ex- 
periment stations, should be to industrial and commercial 
Louisiana. Money wisely invested in these institutions is not 
to be looked upon as a luxury, but as an investment promising 
the largest dividends. Louisiana is indeed too poor not to 
strengthen and fortify these bulwarks of her industrial interests. 
Yea, were she as rich as New York, she could il! afford to neglect 
the industrial training of her youth. But to render practical in- 
dustrial training more and more efficient, there must be en- 
couraged and fostered the high scientific training of the 
University. Back of the industrial school is the University, 
with its trained scientific workers struggling to enlarge the 
world’s knowledge, and to add thereby to man’s dominion over 
nature. The industrial schools are wholly excellent and essential, 
but they are not nearly enough; without the University they are 
like a body without asoul. The system of education is a cone, 
not upheld at the base, but suspended from the vertex. If there 
be any weakness and inadequacy there at the top, it will trickle 
down through every round in widening streams to the very 
bottom. ‘The loss that yearly falls upon this State from just 
such causes — a loss preventable mainly or entirely by higher 
and better and more general university training, and preventable 
in no other way — this loss aggregates yearly enough to support 
three universities. Hence it is that the intensely practical 


38 


money-loving people of the Northwest have found the liberal 
maintenance of their universities the best possible investment for 
their money. Decisive proof is found in the fact that there is 
never any going backward in appropriations for their universities. 
They never repent having given so much; they always rejoice 
and give more and more year after year. Thus ten or fifteen 
years ago the State of Missouri gave grudgingly about $100,000 
annually, now it gives gladly about $500,000. For anyone to 
propose a reduction of university support in these states would 
be to commit political suicide. 


RIVALRY A PEACEFUL ONE 


The rivalry that now calls us to action is a peaceful 
rivalry, not one in which for the South to gain is for the North 
to lose, but one that will help both North and South, both Kast 
and West, the never-ending rivalry for educational advancement, 
for supremacy in the things of the mind. So long as all the 
great periodicals are published in the North, so long as the 
Southern men feel forced to send their sons and daughters 
Northward for the best collegiate or the highest university train- 
ing, so long as our university boards are forced to fill their pro- 
fessional chairs with men trained in Northern universities, whom 
they do not know, rather than with men trained in our own 
universities whom they do know —so long as the South 
acknowledges this tutelage, ‘‘ never again can she wear the lofty 
look of conscious independence.’’ ‘‘ Burning shame’’ (such are 
the words of your own great citizen, Seargent Smith Prentiss )}— 
‘‘ Burning shame shall set its seal upon her brow, and, when her 
proud sons go forth in other lands, they will cower beneath the 
withering look of the stranger.’’ Let no one infer that we deem it 
either desirable or patriotic to seek for our college and university 
chairs only Southerners with Southern training. Far from it. 
The Administrators of this University will never discredit her work 


39 


by refusing proper recognition to her own worthy sons ; but they 
will perpetuate, I trust, the wise policy inaugrated by President 
Johnston and continued by President Alderman, of filling her 
vacant chairs with the best available men and women, no matter 
whence they come. We may go even further and hope that the 
day may come when this University shall be able to call great 
scholars from European seats of learning. Already have Berlin 
and Harvard arranged for an exchange of professors. May we 
not hope that the Tulane University will be able to make some 
such exchange with the Sorbonne at Paris? That day will come 
when some man, Frenchman or American, of prophetic vision, 
shall immortalize himself by endowing our school of Romance 
Languages — making New Orleans, so long famous for her devo- 
tion to the beautiful language, and music, and opera of France, 
as she ought to be, the unrivaled American centre for the study 
of the literature of France, of Italy, and of Spain. 

You will not fail to understand me when I say that we 
hope the day may come when Harvard, Cornell, Yale and 
Hopkins shall turn to Tulane for well-trained men, as Tulane 
now turns to them; when French and German and English 
students shall gather in New Orleans, even as our students now 
flock to the venerable scholastic capitols of England and the 
continent. Thus it is that Tulane aspires to become, not simply 
a local, a sectional, but a national, a cosmopolitan university. 

It will be said that Tulane is cherishing rather large hopes, 
but all things are possible to them that believe. Assuredly 
nothing great is possible to those of little faith. ‘‘ What men or 
nations make of their material environment depends solely,’’ it is 
said, ‘‘upon the ideas which they bring to the adventure. Small 
ideas make a small, savage, primitive world. Great ideas make 
Greece or America.’’ A hundred years ago Germany lay prostrate 
under the iron heel of Napoleon, but in that hour of humiliation 
and defeat, her statesmen, under the leadership of Stein and 
Fichte and Humboldt, caught the vision of a greater Germany. 


40 


Before the last Frenchman had departed from her capital, plans 
were forming for the foundation of a great national university, a 
university whose fame and influence are as wide as the world. 
The triumph of her arms and the still greater triumph of her arts 
and sciences justifies the wisdom of her course. 


_ For a thousand years France has been a land rich in heroic 
deeds, in story and in song ; but never in all her marvelous history 
did her spirit and her fame shine more resplendent than in that 
hour of degradation and defeat, when her statesmen, looking facts 
fairly in the face, realized that the victory of Sedan had been 
won in the schools of Germany ; that France had been conquered 
not so much by William and Moltke, as by Fichte and Gauss and 
Humboldt ; when the whole nation arose as one man, and rolling 
off an immense war indemnity of a thousand million dollars, 
began the work of national regeneration through her schools and 
colleges and universities. That was statesmanship, that was 
heroism, that was national glory, and the France of the republic 
is greater and grander than the France of the empire. 


These examples show beyond controversy that in matters 
of education, at least, the deepest wisdom dwells with the highest 
ambition, that it is the very climax of prudence to yoke your 
chariot to.a star. 


May the people of Louisiana in whose veins flows the best 
blood. of the Old World, catching the inspiring vision of a 
greater and grander Louisiana, arise in their united strength 
and, scorning all compromises and humbler ideals, lay broad and 
deep the foundations of a-complete educational system, sustained 
by the State, reaching on unbroken, from kindergarten to The 
Tulane University of Louisiana. 


AI 
EXTRACTS FROM THE DAILY PRESS 


Few men have ever entered upon the duties of an exalted office under 
more auspicious circumstances than has President Craighead in assuming 
the direction of the affairs of the Tulane University of Louisiana. The cele- 
bration of Founder’s Day yesterday was participated in by a great gathering 
of the intellectual men and women of New Orleans, and the new president 
delivered his first address to the public of this city. In some degree the 
president created a surprise. Every one credited him with ripe scholarship 
naturally, for that quality goes with his office, to which he could never have 
attained without superior classical education. But few persons in the large 
audience expected to hear an orator, and an orator not of that decadent type 
usually referred to as ‘‘silver tongued,’’ but rather an orator who makes 
reason and knowledge the basis of his oratory. 


The address of Dr. Craighead. which is printed in full elsewhere, will be 
recognized as the effort of a scholarly man who has marshaled his facts with 
rare judgment, and presented them in crisp and unadulterated language. 
It is an address the like of which is rarely heard in these days of pedantic 
persiflage. Under the touch of the orator even the dryest of statisties were 
quickened and became sentient with pulsing life. Some of his sentences 
deserve to be preserved among the aphorisms of the language, and the speech 
in its entirety should not only be read but studied by the people of Louisiana. 


Not the least striking part of the president’s address dealt with the 
obligations of the State toward the university, which is a State institution, 
and which receives no encouragement from the State. The president’s 
remarks under this head are particularly pertinent and enlightening. He 
shows what other States have done for similar institutions and what the 
university here is doing for the State without recompense. Tulane is giving 
a large number of free scholarships to the Commonwealth, which makes no 
return except an immunity from taxation, which amounts to scarce one- 
quarter of the value of the scholarships conferred. The largess of the 
university is showered into the lap of the State, therefore, when the condition 
should be exactly reversed. 

Of the essential need of the institution — funds for the fuller endowment 
of the academic and law departments — Dr. Craighead spoke most earnestly. 
These branches of the university, he declared, are deplorably poor. If they 
are to attain the broadest usefulness, a usefulness which will not only make 
Tulane the unquestioned leader of the higher educational institutions of the 
South, but one of the really great universities of the country, they must have 
an endowment vastly more liberal than at present, His reference to this 


42 


important matter produced a profound impression, and we believe that it will 
not be long in bearing needful fruit. If anything is to be inferred from the 
look of an audience sitting beneath the spell of an orato1, then the men and 
women at the theatre were palpably inspired with the fullest sympathy with 
the speaker’s view. As they listened to the cogent argument of the univer- 
sity’s president, they seemed to glimpse the vista of greatness that would 
open to the institution if only the one thing necessary, a sufficiency of re- 
sources, was provided. And we are confident that, almost without exception, 
they inly resolved not only to bring all their influence to bear to induce the 
Legislature to make a proper appropriation for this great institution, but also, 
as individuals, to do whatever lay within their power to realize a splendid 
future for Tulane. 

The address must be read in full that one may become acquainted with 
its excellencies. All during its delivery at the theatre which took its name 
from the university, the large audience of intellectual men and women was 
held in the bonds of the speaker’s scholarly oratory, and the generous 
applause which greeted his utterances was evidence of the fact that the 
whole course of his argument was as appealing as it was masterly and eru- 
dite. Tulane has added to its faculty not only ascholarly gentleman, but a 
speaker and thinker who is destined to do much toward the uplifting of the 
educational spirit and the intellectual life of the community. — ( Zimes 
Democrat, March 17th, 1905). 


TULANE’S GREAT DAY 


The installation yesterday of Dr. Craighead as President of Tulane 
University of Louisiana was held with due ceremonies and a great deal of 
oratory. The abundant speech-making was not out of place, however, 
because it served to call attention to interesting and important conditions. 

These are first the radical changes that have taken place within a few 
decades past in the entire theory of education, and the others are the inces- 
sant demand for the sums of money for educational purposes. The ancient 
idea was that great universities should be situated distant from great cities, 
but while they were to be readily accessible to all who should seek their 
services, they were to be located in some quite place, retired from the rush 
and whirl of life, so that the attention of the students should not be disturbed 
and distracted by the conditions iuseparable from vast aggregation of popu- 
lation. It was on this idea that all the ancient and most famous universities 
of Enrope were located. In this country the same rule was adopted until 
within a recent period. But the modern method is radically different. It 
was set forth yesterday in his address by President Craighoad, when he said : 


43 


‘‘Henceforth the future belongs to the urban university — the University 
is situated in the great city, which pulsates with the tireless throb of trade, 
which breathes the larger life of letters, of art, of commerce, of social service. 
Such a city is itself the best of all laboratories for the advanced student in 
law, in medicine, in muslc, in art, in engineering, in architecture, in sociology, 
in education, in linguistics, and in letters. Hither throng the great experts, 
the jurists, the physicians. the artists, the architects, the engineers, the 
educators, the theorists, the dreamers, the poets and the seers. Here are 
museums and hospitals and libraries and theatres and learned societies and 
vast enterprises, the ceaseless whirl and stir of humanity, all creeds and 
tongues, all hopes and dreams that stir and thrill the soul of man. Here 
converge the great railway lines, the endlessly-ramified arteries of commerce. 
Hither from remotest shores come ships freighted with the products of the 
toil and skill of foreign lands. We watch them as they comeand go, these 
floating palaces of the sea, and our imaginations are fired andour souls are 
thrilled with the thought that all humanity is one and inseparable, bound 
together in the indissoluble ties of friendshipand commerce. How doubly 
dead the soul of youth, who living amid such inspiring scenes, does not see 
visions and dream dreams.”’ 

But this is only one feature of the modern idea. The old college curri- 
culum, with its Greek and Latin, its mathematics, its ethical and mental 
philosophy and its literature, are declared to be relics of the Dark Ages. 
These subjects, with the exception of methematical science, are of little 
practical use, and they must give way for pressing matters which are needed 
in every day life, and indeed will enable the learner to go direct from school 
to the calling in which he is to seek his livelihood. To thisend are needed 
chemical and electrical laboratories and mechanical workshops, where not 
only trades and callings may be learned, but the student may be stimulated 
and helped on his way to scientific discoveries and mechanical inventions of 
enormous pecuniary and economic walue. as well as of theoretic interest. 

It is to this end that large sums of money are needed, as well as for the 
payment of adequate salaries to the scientific professors. A man who by 
devoting his science to the discovery and elaboration of processes which are 
of enormous value in manuiacturing or for other economic purposes, can 
earn a great deal of money, and he needs to have a large recompense to keep 
him in the universities, and in every case the laborer is worthy of his hire. 

These in brief, are some of the new ideas that have revolutionized or 
are revolutionizing the educational systems of this country, The proposition 
seems to be the bringing of the entire population as near as possible to the 
same intellectual, material and social level, and as much as may be to illu- 
minate the idea of leadership. The old colleges where expected to turn out 
leaders for the guidance and direction of the people. When the people 
shall all be brought up or down to the same plane, it is supposed that there 
will be no more need of leadership. 


44 


Possibly this is true, and possibly also it may be for the best, but it will 
be difficult to overcome the ‘‘ego’’ in human nature. It will never cease to 
assert itself, and there will always be those who, whether they deserve it or 
not, will claim the front rank in life. May those who occupy it be the most 
worthy. It should be the ultimate aim of every proper system of education 
to turn out the best and ablest, so that they may be competenf to lead. 

As for our university, the Picayune heartily desires that it may be the 
standard of greatness and goodness in education. — (Picayune, New Orleans, 
March 17, 1905). 


‘“NOBLESSE OBLIGE. ”’ 


The great oration of Tulane’s president is still ringing in the ears of this 
community and the potent plea will, we feel snre, evoke a hearty response 
from the State at large. Louisiana stands to-day in the front rank of the 
Union’s expansive commonwealths. The growth in wealth and industrial 
energy is, happily, no greater than the growth in intelligence and civic pride, 
In such circumstances, the cause of education must needs receive a mighty 
impulse, and we accordingly find that the cry for more and better schools 
goes up from the Arkansas line to the Gulf, Hitherto the demand for the 
highest institutions of learning has been comparatively feeble, but the day is 
not distant when we must look to the capstone, as well as to the foundation, 
of the edifice. | 

Dr. Craighead set forth the facts with perfect clearness and precision, 
By repeated declarations of the organic law, Tulane is the University of 
Louisiana. The Medical Department and the H. Sophie Newcomb Memo- 
rial College have been well endowed by Mr. Hutchinson and Mrs. Newcomb. 
The Law School is struggling on without endowment of any sort, and, 
despite the heroic efforts of its faculty, is unable to properly train the 
students who, in the years to come, will constitute our bench and our bar. 
A high-minded and competent administration of justice is the chief symbol 
of sovereignty. We can therefore never hope to win the world’s respect and 
and our own, so long as we entrust our lives and our property to ill-instructed 
judges and counsel. The Academic Department, too, is in hardly less 
pitiable plight, and would be impotent for good, but for Paul Tulane’s 
timely generosity, Even as itis, an annual deficit must be faced, or the 
facilities for culture must be shorn of their logical proportions. The State 
has granted an exemption from taxation, equivalent to some twenty thous- 
and per year, but this aid is much more than offset by the cost of 225 free 
scholarships, which, reckoned in terms of money, amount to a hundred 

housand per annum. It is not generally known that the Tulane University 


45 


of Louisiana is, to all intents and purposes, an eleemosynary institution. It 
may therefore, be well to repeat the truth that no son of Louisiana possessed 
of a desire for the higher learning but destitute of the means to acquire it, 
will ever be refused admission to the classic halls. The State, in forbearing 
to tax the Tulane Fund, has simply forborne to tax its own. 

By an irony of fate, Paul Tulane’s munificence is, in certain quarters, 
used an argument against aid to the institution he fostered. ‘‘The philan- 
thropic old Frenchman gave a million, and we are @onsequently absolved 
from the obligation to give another cent’’— so say the special pleaders who 
take no thought of life’s finest amenities. By parity of reasoning, one 
would be justified in giving the cold shoulder to poor relations, because 
others, bound by no ties of kinship and duty, had been open of heart and 
purse. We should rather think that Mr. Tulane’s bequest would stir the 
State to rivalry and that our legislators would refuse to be outdone by the 
most liberal of their fellow-citizens. The readiness to extend help in such 
directions is the sign and seal of a civilized people. There was a time, even 
now not very remote, when the poverty of Louisiana was an insuperable 
barrier against tnese finer impulses, but we have reached the point at which 
the willis synonymous with the way. The assessments and the revenues 
mount steadily, and there will be no difficulty in finding a few thousands a 
year, if we be truly resolved to find them, For this reason, the State should 
no longer be content to plead in formd paupcris at the bar of public opinion. 
It is no alms that Tulane asks, for suchan university is able to return contri- 
butions from the fisc an hundredfold. In this matter, the heart may be 
allowed to prompt the head. ‘‘Noblesse oblige.’’ — ( 7zmes-Democrat, New 
Orleans, March 18, 1905). 














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